Prospective and Retrospective analysis of Functional Outcome of Distal both bone Leg Fracture treated with Tibial Interlocking Nailing with and without Fibular plating: Comparative study

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To analyse the functional outcome of distal both bone leg fractures treated with Tibial Interlocking nail with and without supplementary fibular plating. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective and retrospective study of 20 patients distal both bone leg fractures– 10 patients treated with interlocking nailing alone and 10 patients treated with interlocking nailing with supplementary fibular plating. The study was done after getting clearance from Hospital ethical committee. Those who fulfilled the inclusion criteria given below, were invited to participate in the study. Informed consent was obtained from all the patients willing to take part in the study. OUTCOME: Alignment and reduction preoperatively, postoperatively and at healing was the main outcome measured with an emphasis on loss of initial reduction on follow up. Fibular plating Fibular plating was selected for the following reasons, 1. correction of alignment before insertion of nail. 2. Maintaining the alignment or to improve the stability of bone implant complex. 3. For achieving rotational stability. Kalstrom-Olerud score was used to assess the functional outcome. It is an independent measurement, not influenced by other co-morbid conditions and associated injuries. RESULTS: All the relevant data were analysed. The Fractures treated with tibial interlocking nailing without fibular plating were analysed and 5 (50%) cases were malunited and deformed. Karlstrom- Olerud scoring was excellent in one (10%) patient, good in 5 Patients (50%), fair in 3 (30%) patients and poor in 1 (10 %) patients. The mean delay in surgery for this group is 2.2 weeks. Radiologically the mean post operative varus/valgus alignment was 8.6 degrees. The mean duration of time of union is 12.70 weeks. 4 patients needed cast support. The average follow up is 8 months( lowest – 4 months , longest – 18 months). All the fractures treated with supplementary fibular plating in addition to tibial interlocking nailing eventullay united in a mean period of 11.60 weeks Karlstrom-Olerud score was excellent in 6 fractures (60%), good in 3 patients (30%) and fair in 1 patient (10%) The mean delay between the injury and the surgery was 1.8 weeks. Radiologically the mean post operative varus/valgus alignment was 2.10 degrees. The alignment was maintained till union with the mean remaining the same in the coronal plane. The average follow up is 10.3 months (lowest- 6 months, longest – 24 months). The p value for varus/ valgus angulation with equal variances assumed is 0.0016 and with equal variances not assumed is 0.0064. Thus it is statistically significant that the p- value is < 0.05. The p- value for time of union is 0.3425( p value >0.05), so it is statistically insignificant. CONCLUSION: We conclude that fibular plating, when supplemented the intramedullary nailing of distal both bone fractures of leg, 1. Were effective in achieving the fracture alignment especially in fresh fractures. 2. Improves not only angular stability but also rotational stability. 3. Maintained the fracture alignment till union, preventing loss of initial Reduction

A Generalized Log-Weibull Distribution with Bio-Medical Applications

Here we consider a generalized log-transformed version of the Weibull distribution and investigate some of its important properties like expressions for the cumulative distribution function hazard rate function, quantile function, characteristic function, raw moments, incomplete moments, etc. The distribution and moments of order statistics are obtained along with some results on certain structural properties of the distribution. The maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters of the distribution is attempted for both complete and censored data sets and the usefulness of the distribution is illustrated with the help of real-life data sets from biomedical fields

POTENTIAL PHYTOCONSTITUENTS FROM NATURAL PRODUCTS FOR COMBATING AGAINST CORONAVIRUS DISEASE-19 (SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS‐2) - A REVIEW

Coronavirus called as coronavirus diseases (COVID)-19 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus [SARS‐CoV]‐2) is a viral infection which is spreading to a great extent and affecting many people worldwide, many developed and developing countries are severely affected by the virus. The World Health Organization (WHO) is taking serious preventive measures to stop this viral infection worldwide. The coronavirus is a big threat to human beings and controlling the emerging viral infections is a global concern. Antiviral drug such as Remdesivir has been approved by the FDA, but combating against these viral infections is a great challenge to scientists and researchers with the available few antiviral drugs due to severe side effects and toxicity. Many drugs such as hydroxy chloroquin, Remdesivir, and vaccines have been recommended for combating this virus. Few Polyherbal formulations and Ayurvedic formulations containing antiviral phytoconstituents have been recommended to boost the immunity. Some drugs and phytoconstituents are under different phases of human clinical trials. The currently available synthetic drugs and vaccines for the treatment of viral infections have severe side effects. Medicinal plants play a critical role in treating viral infections by developing immunity against viral diseases. Some medicinal plants which were used as antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity helped in treating various diseases and viral infections. Many plants contain flavonoids such as quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, and polyphenols such as thymoquinone, phytosteroids such as cucurbitacin and others which may likely to act as antioxidants and immunomodulatory that can fight against COVID-19. The current review provides information on phytochemical constituents present in medicinal plants, their mechanism of action, in silico molecular docking studies and human clinical trials to treat viral disorders

Evaluation of Team Quality

Competitive pressure and increasing market size have forced organizations to rely more on teams. This study has three objectives: to structure a list of attributes affecting the overall quality of a team; to use a survey tool to determine the significant ones among those attributes; and to compare between manufacturing and healthcare sectors. The data gathered were from employees working in teams in USA and China. A one-way analysis of variance and stepwise regression analysis was performed on the responses to determine team quality attributes. The ANOVA results for attributes versus teams revealed team efficacy, team trust, personality and skills &amp; knowledge as significant. The stepwise regression analysis for team quality versus other attributes (for all the teams combined) showed that job satisfaction and team trust were significantly affecting the overall team quality. Analyses showed differences between China and USA. 

Microwave- and Formaldehyde-Assisted Synthesis of Ag–Ag₃PO₄ with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity for the Degradation of Rhodamine B Dye and Crude Oil Fractions

The release of crude oil and water-soluble dyes into our marine environment is a major global problem. An efficient semiconductor Ag–Ag3PO4 photocatalyst was synthesized using formaldehyde as a reducing agent to form surface active Ag on Ag3PO4 under microwave radiation for heating, and its potential in destroying environmental pollutants has been examined. The diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of Ag–Ag3PO4 revealed an enhanced absorption in the visible light region. The rate of photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B by Ag–Ag3PO4 was over 4-fold compared to Ag3PO4. The potential application of Ag–Ag3PO4 in oil spill remediation was also examined through photocatalytic degradation of benzene, n-hexane, and 1:1 v/v benzene/methanol crude oil-soluble fractions. UV–vis and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the crude oil components after visible light irradiation showed excellent degradation. The photocatalytic efficiency enhancement of Ag–Ag3PO4 is attributed to the excellent electron trapping of silver nanoparticles deposited on the surface of Ag3PO4. This work will motivate future studies to develop recyclable visible light photocatalysts for many applications

Inundation mapping – a study based on December 2004 Tsunami Hazard along Chennai coast, Southeast India

Tsunami impact study has been undertaken along Chennai coast starting from Pulicat to Kovalam. The study area Chennai coast is mainly devoted to prepare large scale action plan maps on tsunami inundation incorporating land use details derived from satellite data along with cadastral data using a GIS tool. Under tsunami inundation mapping along Chennai coast an integrated approach was adopted to prepare thematic maps on land use/land cover and coastal geomorphology using multispectral remote sensing data. The RTK dGPS instruments are used to collect elevation contour data at 0.5 m intervals for the Chennai coast. The GIS tool has been used to incorporate the elevation data, tsunami inundation markings obtained immediately after tsunami and thematic maps derived from remote sensing data. The outcome of this study provides an important clue on variations in tsunami inundation along Chennai coast, which is mainly controlled by local geomorphologic set-up, coastal zone elevation including coastal erosion protection measures and near shore bathymetry. This study highlights the information regarding most vulnerable areas of tsunami and also provides indication to demarcate suitable sites for rehabilitation

Effect of Methanolic Extract of Tuberous Root of Ipomoea Digitata (Linn) on Hyperlipidemia induced by rat fed with high fat diet

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the methanolic extract of tuberous root of Ipomoea digitata in reducing the cholesterol levels in experimentally induced hyperlipidemic rats. The elevated levels of total cholesterol, ester &amp; free cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein due to HFD. Administration of methanolic extract of Ipomoea digitata (300mg/kg)was significantly (P&lt;0.001)reduced the lipid profile and lipoprotein levels. A significant reduction in HDL-cholesterol was noticed in HFD fed groups (II); however, a significant increased the HDL level was produced by the administration of methanolic extract of Ipomoea digitata (dose 300mg/kg). There was a noticed increase in the body weight in HFD fed group (II), which was reduced by the administration of methanolic extract of Ipomoea digitata (dose 300mg/kg). Therefore, it was concluded that the methanolic extract of tuberous root of Ipomoea digitata has definite cardio protective effect against hyperlipidemia

Monthly mean wind stress along the coast of the north Indian Ocean

Monthly-mean wind stress and its longshore and offshore components have been computed using the bulk aerodynamic method for each of a string of 36 two-°-latitude by two-°-longitude squares along the coast of the north Indian Ocean. The data source for the computation is the sixty-year mean resultant winds of Hastenrath and Lamb. The main features exhibited by the components, taking the longshore components as positive (negative) when the Ekman transport is away from (towards) the coast, are: (1) Along the coasts of Somalia and Arabia, the magnitude of the wind stress is among the highest in the north Indian Ocean, and its direction is generally parallel to the coastline. This results in a longshore component which is large (as high as 2·5 dyne/cm2) and positive during the southwest monsoon, and weaker (less than 0·5 6 dyne/cm2) and negative during the northeast monsoon. (2) Though weak (less than 0·5 2 dyne/cm2) during the northeast monsoon, the monthly-mean longshore component along the west coast of India remains positive throughout the year. The magnitude of the offshore component during the southwest monsoon is much larger than that of the longshore component. (3) The behaviour of the wind stress components along the east coast of India is similar to that along the Somalia-Arabia coast, but the magnitudes are much smaller